How many light years distance is that bubble after image?

(image credit: Roger Penrose and Vahe Gurzadyan. Researchers think concentric ring patterns in measurements of the cosmic microwave background are evidence of a universe that existed before our own Universe was born in the Big Bang).

In the initial article a discussion about the existence of multiple universe occurs.

The article states
"When our bubble expanded during inflation, it might have collided with another bubble"


Isn't this agreeing with the multi-universe theory and idea? If a Universe happens to generate a bubble, think about a balloon that is twisted at some point, and that second bubble universe dis attaches and drifts completely separate from the original structure. Now if the original universe has expanded and then a big crunch occurs and a new universe is thus formed; inflation occurs.

What if in the process of inflation that the new Universe collides with the small 'daughter Universe bubble' cause it to disintegrate. Wouldn't that create the ring-like structure that is apparently many light years in radius and diameter, as they show in the image? What would cause the secondary ring-like structure. What if the 'daughter-Universe' is compressed by the inflation and for a brief moment an equilibrium occurs between the membranes. Think of a balloon that is inside of another balloon, for example. As this equilibrium occurs, it imprints upon the larger bubble Universe, in the micro radiation aspects, and then it disintegrates.

If there is a further ring-like structure, then maybe that is the central black hole or where various black holes merge together with the disintegration of the 'daughter or baby Universe" Being the physic's might be different in the 'daughter or baby Universe' upon the collapse or disintegration...everything that exist within it...planets, stars, moons, solar systems, galaxies...undergo a rapid disintegration or complete meltdown into apparent nothingness or are phase shifted in a way that they exist as dark energy or dark matter.


Have you ever seen a large bubble surrounded by smaller bubbles and then the large one 'pops' leaving a ring of the smaller bubbles that move away because they are on the surface of a liquid. Think about the small foam bubbles on a cup of coffee, they move outward from the center to the edge of the coffee cup where they clump along the side. Yet in different clumps. What would happen if a larger bubble were to form and 'pull them back inside the bubble'; some of them would be destroyed in the process or be propelled over the surface of the bubble by the hydrophobic interactions.

In a Universe that is 93 Billion light years across and nearly 14 billion years old, how many light years across would a secondary bubble or 'daughter Universe' be if it was generated by a prior existing Universe in a Multi-universe? Does the ring-like image, above, represent something that is 20 million or billion light years across?

What size in space are these phased 'ghostly images'? Are the regions where they exist composed of dark energy or dark matter concentrations? Or concentrations of knots of dark energy, that would almost be twisted or even entangled like filaments or threads?

Not that bubbles don't exist in space, as this is a bubble that is obeying the physic's within this Universe and eventually it will disintegrate.

Maybe a Physicist or Astronomer would know. Either way, it is interesting to just think about what they could represent or the size they represent. Intuition doesn't know, sketches of thoughts... Well, now off to Target to do some Christmas card shopping.

Where is the oil

Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting "peak oil" -- the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines. Scientists have developed several models to forecast this point, and some put the date at 2020 or later. One of the most famous forecast models, called the Hubbert model, accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970. The model has since gained in popularity and has been used to forecast oil production worldwide. However, recent studies show that the model is insufficient to account for more complex oil production cycles of some countries. Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes, politics, and other factors, the scientists say.

The new study describe development of a new version of the Hubbert model that accounts for these individual production trends to provide a more realistic and accurate oil production forecast. Using the new model, the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil-producing countries, which supply most of the world's conventional crude oil. They estimated that worldwide conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014, years earlier than anticipated. The scientists also showed that the world's oil reserves are being depleted at a rate of 2.1 percent a year.

American Chemical Society (2010, March 11). World crude oil production may peak a decade earlier than some predict. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2010/03/100310134255.htm

"Alien Life" from Mono Lake, California

In chemistry 101 and 102 even at the High School level, one is introduced to the Chart of Elements. We learn about electrons, protons, neutrons and all those orbital shells.

Organic life, is based upon Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Helium, Phosphorous and a smigging of the other elements. It is what makes DNA and RNA nucleotide bases.

Alien life, could include Silicon, as a replacement for the Carbon.

Or was it allowing the microbes to evolve to utilize the arsenic? If life as we know it is carbon based and then silicon based life form could possibly exist....what about replacements within the DNA strand for the other elements?

and or the nucleotide bases? If "Alien life" exists even a secondary and unique evolution of life on Mars, then how could the DNA or nucleotide bases have unique variations to actually be deemed "Alien life"? One cannot take a mouse an...d expect it to radically change the DNA and nucleotide sequences to find out if it would be an alien life form.

However, a terrestial microbe could be coaxed into possible modifications given limiting factors, i.e., replacement of the Phosphorus with arsenic to see if it survives--and in the collection of this microbe that currently exist in an area where high concentrations of arsenic exist. Then what is causing it to exist naturally within the environment? There isn't a perilous contention in allow the microbe to exist and observe multi-generations in a more harsh environment surrounded by arsenic. The microbe and the descending populations over time show evolution occurring, at a basic level. Darwinian Finch's and the changes from an initial founding population.

This is only getting popular press because the prospect of "Aliens" as compared to an argument over evolution. Shine the light where it resides. Evolution in action!

Yet, Aliens makes a more interesting story than Evolution.

The Ancient Lakes of the Saraha

The Sahara has not always been the arid, inhospitable place that it is today – it was once a savannah teeming with life, according to researchers at the Universities of Reading and Leicester.

Eight years of studies in the Libyan Desert area of Fazzan, now one of the harshest, most inaccessible spots on Earth, have revealed swings in its climate that have caused considerably wetter periods, lasting for thousands of years, when the desert turned to savannah and lakes provided water for people and animals.

This, in turn, has given us vital clues about the history of humans in the area and how these ancient inhabitants coped with climate change as the land began to dry up around them again.

In their article ‘Ancient lakes of the Sahara’, which appears in the January-February issue of American Scientist magazine, Dr Kevin White of the University of Reading and Professor David Mattingly of the University of Leicester explain how they used satellite technology and archaeological evidence to reveal new clues about both the past environment of the Sahara and of human prehistory in the area.

“The climate of the Sahara has been highly variable over the millennia and we have been able to provide much more specific dating of these changes,” said Dr White. “Over the last 10,000 years, there have been two distinct humid phases, separated by an interval of highly variable but generally drying conditions between roughly 8,000 and 7,000 years ago. Another drying trend took place after about 5,000 years ago, leading to today’s parched environment.”

The researchers determined where surface water was once present by using radar images of the desert taken from space. These images showed rivers, lakes and springs now buried below shifting sand dunes. As these bodies dried out thousands of years ago, the resulting mineral deposits cemented the lake sediments together and these hardened layers are detectable by using radar images.

“This information was essential because archaeologists need to focus their efforts near ancient rivers, lakes and springs, where people used to congregate due to their basic need for water,” said Dr White. “We found large quantities of stone tools around the ancient water sources, indicating at least two separate phases of human occupation.”

The earliest humans in the area were Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, who lived in the Fazzan between about 400,000 and 70,000 years ago. They survived by hunting large and small game in a landscape that was considerably wetter and greener than it is now. A prolonged arid phase from about 70,000 to 12,000 years ago apparently drove humans out of the region, but then the rains returned – along with the people.

Around 5,000 years ago, the climate began to dry out again, but this time people adapted by developing an agricultural civilization with towns and villages based around oases. This process culminated with the emergence of the Garamantian society in the first millennium BC.

Professor Mattingly said: “We have been given a completely new view of this elusive and remarkable society. The Garamantes were known to the ancient Romans as a race of desert warriors, but archaeology has shown they had agriculture, cities and a phenomenally advanced system of water extraction that kept their civilization going for 1,000 years as the land was drying up around them.”

They cultivated a variety of high-grade cereals, such as wheat and barley, and other crops such as date palms, vines, olives, cotton, vegetables and pulses.

As the Saharan climate began to dry out they drew their water from a large subterranean aquifer (an underground bed of rock that yields water) and transported it through a network of tunnels.

“The fact that the Garamantes developed this ingenious irrigation system shows that our ability to apply engineering solutions to deal with climate change is by no means only a modern phenomenon,” said Dr White. “The gradual drying up of springs and desiccation of the surrounding landscape must have seemed ominous, but they knew they had to develop sophisticated methods to cope with it.

“But even this remarkably adaptable society – one of the first urban civilizations built in a desert – could not cope forever with a falling water table and intensifying aridity. Sometime around 500AD, the Garamantian society collapsed and their irrigation system fell into disuse.”

Associated with this research, Reading’s School of Human and Environmental Sciences, in collaboration with the Department of Meteorology, are undertaking a major project, linking climate, water and civilization in the Middle East and North Africa, with a £1,240,000 grant from the Leverhulme Trust.

Dr Kevin White Further information: www.reading.ac.uk

www.americanscientist.org

The Ancient Lakes of the Saraha

Returning to the Dust Bowl.

Future drought. These four maps illustrate the potential for future drought worldwide over the decades indicated, based on current projections of future greenhouse gas emissions. These maps are not intended as forecasts, since the actual course of projected greenhouse gas emissions as well as natural climate variations could alter the drought patterns.

The maps use a common measure, the Palmer Drought Severity Index, which assigns positive numbers when conditions are unusually wet for a particular region, and negative numbers when conditions are unusually dry. A reading of -4 or below is considered extreme drought. Regions that are blue or green will likely be at lower risk of drought, while those in the red and purple spectrum could face more unusually extreme drought conditions. (Courtesy Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews, redrawn by UCAR. This image is freely available for media use. Please credit the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

Article discusses information and details. The scientist are making the statements.

E.T was looking at Chicago.

Yesterday evening was enjoyable, the weather in Chicago seems a bit warm for this time of November with temperatures hovering around the 60's and dropping into the 40's at night. Wanted to go to the Adler Planetarium as the Chicago Astronomer, Joe Guzman, was hosting a star party for the evening. Upon arriving, was able to see the Moon hanging low in the western sky's over Chicago's skyline. Jupiter and two of the moons were visible in the sky, even with the high cloud haze along the shoreline of Lake Michigan. It is always great to meet individuals that are interested in the sciences and learning, Joe is excellent in explaining various astronomical sights to everyone. While there, we all got to see "E.T" placement in the night sky and Universe above us. The "E.T" constellation was once called "The Owl" constellation, not to be confused with "The Owl" nebula. It was enjoyable to meet other people and especially talk with the bus driver, we all learn every day something fascinating when one looks out into the night sky and beyond.

I was hoping that two other friends, Paulie Christman, and his girlfriend, Hillary, would be there last night. We had communicated earlier about seeing Sun-dogs, on our social network connection. Paulie, you got some excellent pictures of the Sun-dogs posted over on your blog site!

During the time, I went for a walk along the shoreline and the reflections of the City of Chicago is like a Christmas Tree when viewed from near the Adler Planetarium. People and families walking and enjoying a warm night, the couples that embrace and have their special memories, the occasional motorbike that one hears along the street.

I attended one about a month ago, but the humidity and cool moisture off of the lake made the evening a bit chilly. Plus, that day the President was in Chicago and traffic was a mess along Lake Shore Drive. It seems like every time I go into the city, something occurs and traffic is re-routed in some way.

I live out in the western burbs near Ohare Airport and last night CTA, Chicago Transit Authority, had reported "police activity". Well, this shut down the Blue Line from Addison to Jefferson Park on the train route. Everything might as well be viewed as an adventure, so off the train and onto one of the buses. Later, as people tried to figure out what was occurring--the bus driver had said that a bomb-threat had been called in and that the police were checking the rail-transportation between Addison and Jefferson Park. During the same time, there was accidents on the incoming and outgoing lanes of I-94 in the same region.

E.T was looking at Chicago.

Another generation...

Life on Earth has survived for millions of years and undergone genetic changes because of evolutionary processes that coincided with climate conditions. Even when the Siberian traps and out pouring of volcanic gases occurred 250 million years ago or with the Deccan traps 65 million years ago, plant life and animal life continued.

Humanity may try to geoengineer the planet and in the process may find beneficial aspect to continue on several other planets in this solar system, especially Mars or Venus.

Yet, the philosophical question and aspect would be "Why should humanity have dominion over the Earth?" when the reality is that humanity is part of the Earth. Over the last 700 years many species have gone extinct because of human settlement and human population that has needed the space for their own living. In the next 100 years many of the larger species of animals will become extinct in the wild with only genetic material frozen and stored.

The Earth cannot support the current population of 6.7 Billion individuals indefinitely, even with proper allocation of resources of food and water. How can humanity expect that the Earth is going to support 9.1 Billion individuals in the next 50 years with a life-span of those individuals at 70 years? With the aspect of raising the poverty levels of the people in every Nation on the planet, over that 120 year time frame is unrealistic?

Cutting down the forests to "Pave Paradise and Put up a Parking Lot" is going to leave the world very impoverished. Well see what the next 50 years brings upon the Earth.

(Initially posted on Cosmic Log). JMW